Based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours, most countries in the world experience four seasons in one year. The commonly known seasons are spring, summer, autumn, and winter. However, the range of these four seasons is still too broad to accurately encompass the nuances of weather and the natural environment. In Japan, for example, to reflect the changing seasons and understand their variations throughout the year, the Japanese calendar depicts the year in more detail, dividing the seasons into 72 segments.

The following 'Bahasa' text translated to 'English' while preserving any html tags: "Japanese calendar is basically similar to the Western calendar or other countries in the world that have four seasons. However, the seasons in Japan are divided in more detail into six parts, resulting in 24 sekki, each lasting about 15 days. Initially, these periods were adopted from the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar, which regulates time based on the lunar phases and the Earth's orbit throughout the year. Then, these 24 sekki were further divided into 3 ko (micro seasons), creating a total of 72 ko, each lasting about 5 days. These seasons reflect the rhythm of the Japanese ecosystem and correlate with natural events that occur at that time, such as bamboo shoots and wheat harvest."

The essence of the four seasons, which include spring, summer, autumn, and winter, lies in the equinoxes and solstices. The seasons begin with shunbun (spring equinox), geshi (summer solstice), shubun (autumn equinox), and toji (winter solstice). The start of each season is also marked by risshun (beginning of spring), rikka (beginning of summer), risshu (beginning of autumn), and ritto (beginning of winter).

The existing markers have involved 8 out of 24 seasonal points. Meanwhile, 16 other points are influenced by weather factors and agricultural elements such as rain, snow, and the development of agricultural plant cycles. These factors include usui (rainwater), keichitsu (rising insects), shosho (controllable temperature), and hakuro (white dew), as explained by Mark Hovane.

Risshun (Early Spring) 4-8 February, The east wind melts the ice 9-13 February, Songbirds start singing in the mountains 14-18 February, Fish emerge from the ice Usui (Rain Water) 19-23 February, Rain moistens the ground 24-28 February, Mist begins to dissipate 1-5 March, Grass buds, tree buds Keichitsu (Insects Awaken) 6-10 March, Insect surfaces that hibernate 11-15 March, First peach blossoms 16-20 March, Caterpillars become butterflies

Shunbun (Spring Equinox) 21-25 March, Sparrows begin nesting 26-30 March, First cherry blossoms 31 March - 4 April, Thunder in the distance Seimei (Pure and clear) 5-9 April, Swallows return 10-14 April, Wild geese fly north 15-19 April, First rainbow Kokuu (Rain of wheat) 20-24 April, First shoots of Miscanthus 25-29 April, Last days of winter, rice seedlings grow 30 April - 4 May, Peonies bloom

Rikka (Early summer) May 5-9, Frogs start singing May 10-14, Earthworms surface May 15-20, Bamboo shoots sprout Shoman (Less ripening) May 21-25, Silkworms start eating mulberry leaves May 26-30, Safflower blooms May 31-June 5, Wheat ripens and is harvested Boshu (Wheat and grains) June 6-10, Praying mantis hatch June 11-15, Grass decays and fireflies appear June 16-20, Plums turn yellow

Geshi (summer solstice) June 21-26, Self-healing withering June 27 - July 1, Iris flowers bloom July 2-6, Crow sprouts Shosho (smaller heat) July 7-11, Warm breeze blows July 12-16, First lotus flower blooms July 17-22, Eagles learn to fly Taisho (larger heat) July 23-28, Paulownia tree produces seeds July 29 - August 2, Earth is damp, air is humid August 3-7, Heavy rain sometimes falls.

Risshu (Early Autumn) 8-12 August, Cool breeze blowing 13-17 August, Night crickets singing 18-22 August, Thick fog descending Shosho (Adjustable heat) 23-27 August, Cotton flowers blooming 28 August - 1 September, Heat starting to subside 2-7 September, Rice becoming cooked Hakuro (White dew) 8-12 September, Sparkling white dew on the grass 13-17 September, Wagtail singing 18-22 September, Swallow flying away

Shubun (autumn equinox) September 23-27, Guntur stops September 28 - October 2, Insects hide underground October 3-7, Farmers drain the fields Kanro (Cold dew) October 8-12, Wild geese return October 13-17, Chrysanthemums bloom October 18-22, Crickets chirp around the door Soko (First frost) October 23-27, First frost October 28 - November 1, Light rain sometimes falls November 2-6, Maple leaves and ivy turn yellow

Ritto (Early winter) 7-11 November, Camellia flowers bloom 12-16 November, Ground freezes 17-21 November, Lily flowers bloom Shosetsu (Less snow) 22-26 November, Rainbow hides 27 November - 1 December, North wind blows leaves from trees 2-6 December, Tachibana orange tree leaves start turning yellow Taisetsu (More snow) 7-11 December, Cold starts to come, winter begins 12-16 December, Bears start hibernating in their dens 17-21 December, Salmon gather and swim upstream

Toji (winter solstice) December 22-26, Sprouts can heal themselves December 27-31, Deer shed their antlers January 1-4, Wheat sprouts under the snow Shokan (Not too cold) January 5-9, Parsley grows luxuriantly January 10-14, Springs begin to thaw January 15-19, Sparrows start to chirp Daikan (Colder) January 20-24, Butterbur sprouts January 25-29, River freezes January 30 - February 3, Chickens start laying eggs.