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In the ancient cave approximately 288 million years old in Richards Spur, Oklahoma, paleontologists discovered fossilized traces of ancient skin preserved in a very unique way.
The remaining fossils of skin and various skin impressions originate from some of the earliest amniotes. This lizard-like animal is one of the first creatures to live their entire lives on dry land, far from the water's edge, and their bodies are covered in rough and scaly skin.
Mooney and his colleagues have identified several preserved skin samples and skin molds among the Richards Spur samples. The preserved fossilized skin of a creature named Captorhinus aguti looks impressive.
The early reptile fossils had their skin composed of 24 strips behind their skull. The newly discovered fossil is the oldest record of preserved skin ever found, about 130 million years older than the previous record holder, and it not only contains the texture of the outer skin but also the structure of the inner epidermis.
From the outside, the skin of Captorhinus appears scaly. This finding indicates several changes experienced by early amniotes as they adapted to a more terrestrial life compared to their amphibian ancestors. "There is a transition from amphibian skin with bones underneath to terrestrial skin with tough outer scales," said Spindler.
Early amniotes were not only capable of laying eggs on land, far from water, but the outer layer of scaly skin also helped to prevent these creatures from drying out. "The main role of the thickened skin is not only to act as a protector," said Mooney, "but also to prevent critical water loss." Scaled skin, like the shell that encloses an egg, is the way early amniotes maintained moisture within themselves as they ventured further into terrestrial environments.
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