The Law of Fasting Shawwal and Qadha Ramadan, This is the Difference of Opinion among Scholars, Muslims Must Know!

Hukum Puasa Syawal Sekaligus Qadha Ramadhan, Ini Perbedaan Pendapat di Kalangan Ulama, Muslim Wajib Tahu!

"The Law of Fasting Syawal and Qadha Ramadhan, This is the Difference of Opinions among Scholars, Muslims Must Know!"

Dream - After the month of Ramadan ends, so does the obligation to fast for Muslims. However, if you want to gain even greater rewards and virtues, there is a recommended voluntary practice in the month of Shawwal. That practice is fasting in Shawwal. This fast is observed for six days in the month of Shawwal. The virtues of fasting in Shawwal are equivalent to the rewards of fasting for a whole year.

The Law of Fasting Shawwal and Qadha Ramadan, This is the Difference of Opinion among Scholars, Muslims Must Know!

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: 'Whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan and follows it with six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, it will be as if he has fasted for the whole year.' (HR. Muslim).

However, what if someone wants to fast in Shawwal, but they still have outstanding fasts from Ramadan? It is known that in Islamic teachings, fasting in Ramadan is obligatory, so it must be prioritized. So, is it permissible to fast in Shawwal and make up the missed fasts from Ramadan at the same time? What is the ruling on this? Let's directly continue reading the following discussion!

Can I combine fasting in Shawwal and making up missed fasts from Ramadan?

Fatwa from the Majma' al-Buhuts al-Islamiyah Al-Azhar as-Syari discusses three arguments for and against the combination of Syawal fasting with qadha fasting.

1. Sah Salah Satu

The first opinion states that combining the intention of fasting six days in the month of Shawwal with the qadha fasting of Ramadan results in only one valid fast. This opinion is presented by the majority of scholars from the Hanbali school of thought.

2. Both of them

The second opinion states that combining the intention of fasting six days in the month of Shawwal with the Qadha fasting of Ramadan is considered valid. This opinion is expressed and supported by scholars from the Malikiyah school of thought and the majority of scholars from the Shafi'i school of thought.

3. Not Allowed to Combine Two Intentions

The last opinion states that Muslims are not allowed to combine two intentions for one act of worship. According to this opinion, we are not permitted to combine the intention of fasting Shawwal with the intention of making up missed Ramadan fasts. This opinion is supported by some scholars of the Shafi'i school of thought and a narration from scholars of the Hanbali school of thought.

Opinion According to Former Mufti of Egypt

Syekh Ali Jum'ah, former mufti of Egypt and member of the Senior Scholars Council, said that a Muslim is allowed to combine the intention of fasting Shawwal and making up missed Ramadan fasts, in order to obtain double rewards according to the differences of opinion among scholars.

However, Sheikh Ali Jum'ah emphasized, "It is more complete and preferable if both fasts are performed separately." According to his opinion, receiving double rewards does not mean obtaining full rewards.

"Prioritizing the Mandatory"

Meanwhile, it is necessary to understand that paying off the debt of Ramadan fasting is more preferable than performing voluntary fasting. This is why qadha Ramadan fasting should be prioritized before performing voluntary fasting. This is as stated by Al-Khatib As-Syarbini in the book Mughnil Muhtaj in the first volume, that a person who makes up for missed fasting in the month of Shawwal does not receive the same virtue as mentioned above.

The following is the description in the book: "If someone makes up for missed fasts, fasts as a vow, or fasts for other reasons in the month of Syawal, do they receive the virtue of the voluntary fasts of Syawal or not? I have not seen any scholars express such an opinion, but apparently, they can. However, they do not receive the reward mentioned in the hadith, especially for those who missed fasting in Ramadan and make up for it in the month of Syawal, because their fasts do not meet the intended criteria. Therefore, some scholars suggest that in such a situation, it is recommended to fast for six days in the month of Dzul qa'dah as a make-up for the fasts of Syawal."

"However, if the voluntary fasting of Syawal is not performed after completing the qadha fasting of Ramadhan, it is still considered practicing the Sunnah fasting of Syawal. It's just that, one will not receive the rewards as mentioned in the saying of the Prophet Muhammad SAW."

Forbidden to practice fasting in Syawal

As for Muslims who do not fast in Ramadan without a justified excuse according to the sharia, it is forbidden to observe the voluntary fasting of Shawwal. They are obligated to make up their missed fasts immediately. Meanwhile, those who do not fast in Ramadan due to a legitimate excuse, it is disliked to observe the voluntary fasting of Shawwal before making up their missed fasts. As explained by Syamsuddin Ar-Ramli in the book Nihayatul Muhtaj, as follows:

"Masalah di Tanbih dan many scholars mention that a person who does not fast in Ramadan due to excuses such as traveling, being a child, still in a state of disbelief, is not recommended to fast the six days of Shawwal. Abu Zur'ah said, it is not the case. He can still receive the reward of fasting the sunnah of Shawwal even though he does not receive the intended reward because of the effect after Ramadan as mentioned in the hadith. However, if he intentionally does not fast in the month of Ramadan without any excuse, then it is forbidden for him to fast the sunnah. The issue mentioned by Al-Mahamili follows the view of his teacher, Al-Jurjani. (A person who owes fasting in Ramadan is disliked to fast the sunnah, and it is disliked for those who do not fast in Ramadan due to excuses to fast the sunnah)."

The conclusion?

"So, in conclusion, for Sahabat Dream who have outstanding fasting debts in Ramadan, whether due to legitimate reasons or not, it is advisable to prioritize paying off their obligatory fasts. After the obligation has been fully paid, then they can proceed to perform voluntary fasts, including fasting in Shawwal. Because, as quoted by Sheikh Ali Jum'ah, receiving double rewards does not mean obtaining full rewards. Source: NU Online"

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