Through this method, they successfully identified the longest and shortest duration of the day. During the night, they relied on a water clock designed from a stone container with a small hole at the bottom to measure time.

This document details 48 surgical cases, including various types of injuries such as fractures, wounds, dislocations, and tumors. The manuscript provides details about the types of injuries, patient examination procedures, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment methods performed. Additionally, this manuscript also notes the use of cotton, bandages, plasters, and cauterization, indicating that these surgical techniques and tools were known and used at that time.

Initially, they combined plant sap, soot, and beeswax to create a mixture of ink. Over time, soot was then replaced by various other materials, including red ochre, which allowed them to create various colors in the ink-making process.

They found that by mixing a small amount of tin ore into copper ore, they could create a material known as bronze. The special characteristic of bronze lies in its hardness and durability, surpassing other metals during a period later known as the Bronze Age. This innovation paved the way for the production of various tools made of bronze, including weapons, armor, building materials, and decorative items.

One recipe that is more similar to modern toothpaste involves ingredients such as rock salt, mint, dried iris flowers, and pepper seeds. Interestingly, this recipe even comes with a kind of "advertisement" offering the benefit of "powder for perfect white teeth". Dental care technology at that time reflected the creativity of the ancient Egyptians in creating solutions to maintain oral hygiene and health.

They developed the oldest form of writing known as hieroglyphs, which later evolved into the Egyptian hieratic and demotic script. Furthermore, Greek and Akram scripts also emerged as a result of the development of this innovative writing system.