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As reported by IFL Science, all creatures, including humans, originate from the genus Homo, which comes from the Latin word meaning "man." Individuals within the Homo family are called hominins. While hominid includes modern humans and great apes such as chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans. Members of the Homo genus are close relatives of modern humans, while within the same genus there are animals such as tigers, lions, jaguars, and leopards from the Panthera genus.
The earliest member of the Homo genus is Homo habilis, which appeared over 2.4 million years ago. Fossils of this species have been found in regions such as Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, and South Africa.
"H. habilis plays a key role in hominin evolution because it has a larger brain compared to other primates, indicating the development of fairly complex behavior. This species is also known as an expert in making stone tools."
The translation of the given text from Bahasa to English while preserving any HTML tags is as follows: "Fossil remains of this species were discovered in 1972 along Lake Turkana in East Rudolf, Kenya. H. rudolfensis, which lived approximately 2.4 to 1.8 million years ago, coexisted with the presence of H. habilis in several regions of Africa."
Although similar to H. habilis, fossil evidence suggests that H. rudolfensis had a larger head size. This similarity has sparked debate among experts regarding the classification and evolutionary relationship between these early hominins.
Homo erectus is a hominin that recorded the most remarkable achievements in history. There is no doubt that this species holds the record as the hominin with the longest lifespan. H. erectus was found to have lived approximately 1.89 million to 110,000 years ago, surpassing modern humans who emerged only around 200,000-300,000 years ago.
As the first hominin to leave Africa, Homo erectus had a very wide geographical footprint, with its fossils found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Recent evidence also indicates that Homo erectus was the first species to master the use of fire.
Homo antecessor, who lived approximately 800,000-1.2 million years ago in Europe, was first discovered through fossil remains in Gran Dolina Cave, Spain in 1994.
Experts refer to them as the common ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals after this discovery. This species is believed to have originated from the hominin branch that emerged before the separation between modern humans and Neanderthals.
Based on fossil findings, it is estimated that Homo heidelbergensis lived approximately 700,000-200,000 years ago in the regions of Africa, Europe, and possibly Asia. This species displayed a combination of characteristics from several early hominins, such as Homo erectus and later Homo sapiens.
First discovered in 2013 in the Rising Star Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, Homo naledi suggests in early research that this species lived millions of years ago with a relatively small brain. However, carbon dating results reveal that Homo naledi overlapped with Homo sapiens around 250,000 years ago.
This species is included in the very unique hominin and known by the nickname "the Hobbit" because of its size, which is only about 1 meter and a small brain. This hominin inhabited the island of Flores, Indonesia, around 100,000 to 50,000 years ago, until the emergence of modern humans in that region.
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