Dream - Researchers have rediscovered the Chitala lopis belida fish in Java, Indonesia. The fish was previously declared extinct in Java in 2020 by The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Redlist. The rediscovery of the belida species is the result of collaborative research between the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Indonesian Green Harmony Foundation, Jambi University, Charles Sturt University from Australia, the Vienna Museum from Austria, and Montpellier University from France.
The following is the translation of the given 'Bahasa' text to 'English' while preserving any HTML tags: "The team of scientists discovered Chitala lopis from the collection results gathered at 34 locations in Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, from November 2015 to September 2023."
The discovery was made through the comparison of data from Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) barcoding sequencing and global genetic data from the Barcode of Life Data (BOLD), as well as morphological characterization compared to the collection of Chitala lopis species stored at the Natural History Museum, London, England. After confirming that the species is Chitala lopis, the researchers validated their discovery in a highly reputable scientific paper (Q1) in Germany, namely the Journal of Endangered Species Research Volume 52, which was released in November 2023.
Researcher and Head of the Marine and Freshwater Resources Conservation Research Center at BRIN, Arif Wibowo, said that Chitala lopis belongs to the Notopteridae family and the Osteoglossiformes order. Scientists involved in the research mentioned that Chitala lopis is an ancient fish that has fan-shaped fins.
"If viewed intraspecifically, the genetic distance between C. lopis, C. hypselonotus, and C. borneensis is very low, so the differentiation of mitochondrial genes between species is not identical."
"Arif revealed as quoted from BRIN, Tuesday 12 December 2023."
The morphology character of Chitala lopis has a more dominant posterior body height and pre-dorsal length compared to Chitala bornensis. The evolution of Chitala lopis is estimated to have occurred since 1,200 years ago. The discovery of Chitala lopis not only contradicts information about its extinction but also answers the taxonomic issues of belida fish in Indonesia.
The majority of belida fish in Indonesia, according to researchers, belong to the species Chitala lopis, with other frequently found types being Chitala borneensis and Chitala hypselonotus.
"His discovery also expands the distribution of Chitala lopis' existence to three Indonesian islands: Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. 'The abundance and distribution of these three fish species have experienced a decline in Sumatra and Java. In fact, the last sighting of C. hypselonotus was in 2015,' added Arif. There are four protected species of the Notopteridae family based on the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 1 of 2021 concerning Protected Fish Species. They are Chitala lopis, Chitala borneensis, and Chitala hypselonotus."
IUCN reveals that the Chitala species, including the species categorized as Least Concern, indicates that the level of extinction risk is still low in Indonesia, except for the Chitala lopis which is considered extinct. Therefore, the conservation status in IUCN needs to be evaluated for the distribution of Chitala lopis in Indonesia, not just on the island of Java. Furthermore, the conservation status of Chitala hypselonotus and Chitala borneensis also needs to be revised from Least Concern to Critically Endangered due to population scarcity and distribution.
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