Here is the Evidence That the Camouflage of Squid in the Ocean is So Complicated and Complex

Here is the translation of the provided text while preserving the HTML tags: "Here is the Evidence That the Camouflage of Squid in the Sea is So Complicated and Complex."

Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology have studied camouflage in the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), a master of camouflage, as a behavioral movement towards background matching in skin pattern space. Their observations indicate that the cuttlefish's camouflage system is highly flexible and adaptable, providing new insights into this complex physiological process.

“Cephalopod camouflage consists of matching the appearance of the animal with its substrate and usually contains 2D and 3D components,”
words of senior writer Dr. Gilles Laurent from the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and his colleague.

“Meskipun kedua komponen secara teknis bersifat tekstur dalam bidang ini, istilah 'tekstur' sering kali diterapkan hanya pada fitur 3D, misalnya disebabkan oleh kontraksi papila kulit.” translates to: “Although both components are technically textural in this field, the term 'texture' is often applied only to 3D features, for example due to the contraction of skin papillae.”

“We studied the 2D camouflage feature and therefore referred to it as a skin pattern and the process as pattern matching,” they added.

“Pattern matching does not consist of reproducing the actual appearance of the substrate, but rather a statistical estimation that begins visually and creates that appearance.”

“This advanced operation was carried out instinctively by the brains of animals that were different from ours more than 550 million years ago, long before the large brain existed.” “The creation of 2D skin patterns relies on a motor system that controls the state of expansion of several million pigment cells (chromatophores) embedded in the skin of the animal, among other types of specialized cells.”

“Each chromatophore's expansion state depends on the arrangement of radial muscles that control the size of the central pigment sac and, therefore, on the activity of one to several motoneurons, dendrites, and somata located in the animal's central brain.” “Therefore, the formation of skin patterns is produced from the precise coordination and control of tens of thousands of motoneurons by a system that interprets complex visual scenes.”

Here is the Evidence That the Camouflage of Squid in the Ocean is So Complicated and Complex

Data from these maps shows that each pattern is very detailed and that the same background can produce various different outcomes.

The translation of "Proses Blanching" to English is "Blanching Process".

"It was found that the pathways to camouflage involve a form of continuous feedback and the final camouflage is the result of successive error correction steps, indicating that this process is highly adaptable and does not follow a fixed path each time. The exception to this rule occurs during the blanching process, a defense mechanism in which cephalopods become pale in response to threatening stimuli."

This process is observed as quick and direct, and the memory of the initial camouflage is recalled once the threat is withdrawn. The results of this team provide valuable insights into how these survival mechanisms interact with each other, and how the complex process of color matching is achieved at the cellular level.

“Unlike camouflage, the blanching process is carried out quickly and directly, indicating that this process uses a different and repeatable control system,”

said the author's colleague Dr. Dominic Evans, a postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research.

“Cuttlefish often exceed the pattern of their target's skin, pause for a moment, and then return again,” said the first author Theodosia Woo, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research. “In other words, cuttlefish do not just detect the background and head straight for a specific pattern; rather, they are likely continuously receiving input about their skin pattern and using it to adjust their camouflage.”

“Exactly how they receive that feedback – whether they use their eyes, or whether they feel how contracted the muscles around each chromatophore are – we do not yet know.”

"This study was published in the journal Nature."

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