"In 2010, Swedish geneticist Svante Paabo and his team successfully reconstructed the entire Neanderthal genome from ancient DNA fragments. Due to this achievement, Paabo was awarded the Nobel Prize in the previous year. The ability to decipher ancient DNA has brought a revolution in the field of genetics, and its development continues."

By using the genomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans, scientists can compare them with the genomes of modern humans to identify similar DNA fragments. In the process, they discovered clear traces of interbreeding that can be identified.

Researchers still face challenges in obtaining useful genetic information from every fossil found, especially if the fossil is very ancient or in a climate that is not supportive. In Africa, where Homo sapiens first evolved, they have not been able to collect a large amount of ancient DNA because it has been damaged due to heat and humidity.