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"In the Jezero Crater, NASA's Perseverance spacecraft has discovered evidence of the existence of a prehistoric lake within its sediment layers. Perseverance landed inside the crater on February 18, 2021, and this crater has a width of approximately 45 kilometers."
The spacecraft explores the crater with the aim of finding traces of past life on Mars and collecting samples that will later be brought to Earth. According to Space website, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Oslo use a tool called Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) to uncover the existence of the ancient lake.
According to researchers, there are indications that provide an overview of how the sediment layers formed gradually at the bottom of the crater, according to expert statements.
"From orbit, we can see a collection of different deposits, but we are not sure whether what we see is the original condition or if we are seeing the conclusion of a long geological story," said David Paige, the lead author of this study and deputy principal investigator of RIMFAX, in a statement.
"Life Traces in the Ancient Lake Delta."
During Perseverance's exploration of the surface of Mars, the RIMFAX instrument sends radar waves with a distance of 10 centimeters between its waves. The reflected waves from a depth of about 20 meters below the surface form an image of the crater floor. Data from RIMFAX reveals evidence of layers that were once submerged in water, leaving the possibility that microbial life may have formed inside the crater in the past.
"If Mars ever harbored life, samples of the region's layers may contain traces of signs of life. In two different periods, orderly and horizontal sediment layers formed at the bottom of the crater, similar to layer formations on Earth. Changes in the lake's water level led to the formation of a wide delta by the sediment layers. This area will be explored by Perseverance from May to December 2022."
The radar measurement also indicates the presence of a crater at the base of the delta, which may have formed due to erosion before the sediment layer settled.
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