Types of Hajj and All the Provisions that Need to be Known for Prospective Hajj Pilgrims

Dream – Types of hajj need to be known by every Muslim. This is because hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam. Hajj is obligatory for every Muslim who is able to make the journey to the Holy Land.

Hajj is directly related to the physical and financial capabilities of His servants. This is because the fifth pillar of Islam requires a long journey and requires a lot of material and physical strength.

The obligation to perform hajj for Muslims who are able is written in the Quran in Surah Al-Imran verse 97:

“Performing hajj is a duty of mankind towards Allah, namely for those who are able to make the journey to Baitullah. Whoever denies the obligation of hajj, then indeed Allah is All-Sufficient (not in need of anything) from the worlds.”

Apparently, there are several types of hajj in Islam. These various types of hajj are performed in different ways. Here is an explanation of the various types of hajj that have been summarized by Dream from various sources.

Pillars and Obligations of Hajj

Before knowing the types of Hajj, you need to know the pillars of the Hajj pilgrimage first. Pillars are something that must be present when doing something. The Hajj pilgrimage is not valid if one of the pillars is left out. However, if what is left out is part of the obligatory Hajj, then the Hajj is still valid but a dam or fine must be paid.

Here are some of the pillars of Hajj that must be present during the Hajj pilgrimage:

1. Ihram
2. Wuquf in Arafah
3. Tawaf around the Ka'bah
4. Sa'i or running between the hills of Safa and Marwa.
5. Tahalul
6. Tartib

Meanwhile, the obligatory Hajj includes:

1. Ihram from the miqat,
2. Mabit in Muzdalifah,
3. Mabit in Mina,
4. Stoning the Jamarat,
5. Avoiding muharromat or prohibited acts during ihram, as it requires a dam or fine.

Dam or Fine

After knowing the pillars and obligations of Hajj, Dream friends also need to know the dam or fine that must be paid when not performing the obligatory Hajj. Dam means blood. In the Hajj pilgrimage, dam means a fine for a violation.

1. Based on its nature, dam is divided into two types:

Dam tartib: dam with several points and its fulfillment is only one and must be in sequence from the first point.

Dam takhyir: dam with several points and its fulfillment can choose one of them.

2. There are various types of violations, including:

• Performing Tamattu' Hajj.
• Performing Qiran Hajj.
• Not performing Thawaf Wada', according to the opinion that deems it obligatory.
• Not staying overnight in Muzdalifah.
• Not staying overnight in Mina.
• Not wearing ihram from the miqat.
• Not stoning the Jamarat.

How to Pay Dam or Fine

Before discussing the various types of hajj in more detail, we also need to know how to pay the penalty, which can be done in two ways:

1. Slaughtering a sheep or goat, or
2. Fasting for 10 days, with 3 days during the ihram and 7 days after returning to the hometown.

Another violation is when performing mufsid or premature sexual intercourse. The penalty is to slaughter a camel, a cow, 7 sheep, or fast for the equivalent of the price of a young camel divided by one mud per day.

Another violation is marriage or getting married. There is no penalty, only the marriage status is not valid. In addition, there are types of penalties called Takhyir or choosing, namely:

• Cutting hair.
• Cutting nails.
• Violating the dress code (specifically for men, they are not allowed to wear sewn or circular clothes).
• Using fragrances.
• Using hair oil.
• Engaging in foreplay.
• Sexual intercourse between two tahallul periods.
• Sexual intercourse after mufsid sexual intercourse.

The penalty for these violations can be either slaughtering a sheep or giving charity in the form of food three times the size of zakat fitrah (10 liters) and distributed to 6 poor individuals.

Another violation that falls under the category of takhyir penalty is killing a halal land animal, but it is wild. The penalty can be either:

• Slaughtering an animal of the same kind as the one killed, or
• Giving charity in the amount equivalent to the value of the animal, or
• Fasting for the same duration as the value of the animal killed divided by one mud per day.

Miqat Zamani and Miqat Makani

Miqat means a boundary, consisting of miqat zamani which means a time boundary and miqat makani which means a place boundary. Miqat Zamani starts from the beginning of the hajj month (Shawwal, Dhu al-Qi'dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah) from the 1st of Shawwal until the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Thus, the Hajj pilgrimage is not valid if one wears ihram before or after that time. The time between the 1st of Shawwal and the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah is the time to start or intend to perform the ihram for Hajj, not to perform the Hajj.

When a Muslim starts the ihram from the 1st of Shawwal, then from that moment on, all the prohibitions of Hajj apply to him until he performs tahallul on the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah or approximately for 70 days.

Meanwhile, Miqat Makani is a place boundary. For the residents of Mecca, their miqat is the door of their house, and for those outside Mecca, they are as follows:

• For those coming from the direction of Medina, their miqat is Dhu al-Hulaifah,
• For those coming from the direction of Syria, Egypt, and Africa, their miqat is Juhfah,
• For those coming from the direction of Yemen, their miqat is Yulamlam and Qarn al-Manazil,
• For those coming from the east of Mecca, their miqat is Dhatu 'Iroq.

Types of Hajj

The types of Hajj are related to their timing. Let's take a look at the various ways of performing the Hajj pilgrimage below:

1. Hajj Ifrad

The first type is called Hajj Ifrad. Hajj Ifrad is a Hajj pilgrimage that is performed first, followed by the performance of the Umrah pilgrimage. The term Ifrad means to separate something that is joined into separate entities.

Simply put, those who perform Hajj Ifrad will complete the Hajj pilgrimage first. After completing all the rituals of the Hajj pilgrimage, they will then perform the Umrah pilgrimage.

The method of performing Hajj Ifrad is as follows:

• When arriving in the Holy Land of Mecca, the pilgrim performs thowaf qudum or the initial tawaf upon arrival in Mecca),
• then continues with praying two rak'ahs behind the Maqam Ibrahim.
• Then performs sa'i, which is the running between the hills of Safa and Marwa.
• While waiting for tahalul on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrim remains in the state of ihram and is not allowed to engage in any prohibited activities during ihram until the time of tahallul on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
• After that, the pilgrim can remove their ihram clothing and wear other clothing. If they want to perform the Umrah pilgrimage, they must enter the state of ihram again. In this type of Hajj, there is no need to pay a dam or fine.

2. Hajj Qiran

The second type is Hajj Qiran. Hajj Qiran is a Hajj pilgrimage that combines the intention of Hajj and Umrah at the same time. Both of these acts of worship are performed simultaneously during the months of Hajj. The method of performing Hajj Qiran is as follows:

• Before starting the tawaf, the pilgrim enters the state of ihram for Umrah and the state of ihram for Hajj.
• Upon entering the city of Mecca, the pilgrim performs thowaf qudum or the initial tawaf upon arrival in Mecca,
• Then prays two rak'ahs behind the Maqam Ibrahim.
• Then performs sa'i between Safa and Marwa, which is done for both Umrah and Hajj in one sa'i without tahallul, but still in the state of ihram, so it is not permissible to engage in any prohibited activities during ihram until the time of tahallul on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.

By performing Hajj Qiran, the Hajj and Umrah are completed simultaneously. The difference from other types of Hajj is the obligation to pay a dam or fine by sacrificing a qurban animal (a goat, one-seventh of a cow, or one-seventh of a camel) on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah or on the days of tasyriq, which are the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah.

3. Haji Tamattu’

The third type is Haji Tamattu'. This type of Hajj prioritizes the performance of Umrah before the Hajj pilgrimage. The method of performing Haji Tamattu' is as follows:

• The pilgrim enters the state of ihram to perform Umrah during the months of Hajj, namely in the months of Shawwal, Dhu al-Qi'dah, and the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah.
• The pilgrim completes the series of Umrah rituals by performing the thowaf umrah.
• Then performs sa'i for Umrah.
• Then performs tahallul from the state of ihram by cutting or shaving some of the hair on the head.
• After tahallul, the pilgrim is no longer in the state of ihram until the day of Tarwiyah, which is the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
• On the day of Tarwiyah, the pilgrim enters the state of ihram again from Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage until it is completed.

Muslims who perform Haji Tamattu' are required to sacrifice a qurban animal as a dam, which is a goat or one-seventh of a cow or one-seventh of a camel, on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah or on the days of tasyriq, which are the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Those are the explanations of the types of Hajj along with explanations of the pillars, miqat, dam, and the method of paying dam or fines that must be known for prospective Hajj pilgrims. By understanding the explanations above, it is hoped that prospective Hajj pilgrims can become pilgrims who are accepted and blessed.

4. Badal Hajj

In addition to the types of hajj mentioned above, there are other types of hajj, namely badal hajj.

Badal Hajj is a hajj performed on behalf of someone who has passed away or is unable to perform the hajj themselves. A Muslim can perform Badal Hajj on behalf of someone else with sincere intention and fulfilling the requirements of performing the hajj.

Badal Hajj is a type of hajj performed on behalf of someone else who has passed away or is unable to perform the hajj themselves. In Islam, it is allowed for someone to perform the hajj on behalf of someone else who has passed away or is unable to perform the hajj due to health reasons or financial constraints.

Badal Hajj is performed as an act of kindness and worship that can be done by a living person to alleviate the burden of someone who has passed away or is unable to perform the hajj. The person performing Badal Hajj performs the hajj as usual, with the same intention and implementation as a regular hajj. However, in their intention, they mention that the hajj is performed on behalf of the specified person.

Implementation of Badal Hajj

The process of performing Badal Hajj involves several steps, including:

1. Obtaining Permission

Before performing Badal Hajj, the person who will perform it must obtain permission or representation from the family or heirs of the deceased person or the person who is unable to perform the hajj. This permission can be in the form of a will left by the person before their death, or it can be given by the living family members.

2. Performing the Hajj

The person performing Badal Hajj goes through all the stages and rituals of hajj as usual. They will depart to Mecca, wear ihram, perform tawaf, sa'i, wuquf in Arafah, stone the pillars, and perform other rituals according to the prescribed manner of hajj.

3. Intention and Prayer

During the performance of hajj, the person performing Badal Hajj mentions the intention and prays for the intended person. They hope that the hajj will be accepted by Allah and bring benefit and blessings to the deceased person or the person who is unable to perform the hajj.

Badal Hajj is considered a noble act of worship that can bring blessings to the deceased person or the person who is unable to perform the hajj. However, it is important to obtain permission and guidance from religious experts or competent scholars before performing Badal Hajj, so that the worship is done correctly according to the guidance of Islam.

It is important to note that hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for those who are able to perform it. The choice of hajj type will depend on the intention and individual's condition. Before performing hajj, it is recommended to acquire knowledge and guidance from religious experts or competent scholars in order to perform the hajj correctly.