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Dream - Based on a triennial survey conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), it is revealed that the trend of literacy index and financial inclusion of Indonesian society continues to increase.
"In 2022, the financial literacy index of the Indonesian society has reached 49.68%. This number has increased from 38.03% in 2019."
While the financial inclusion index reached 85.1% compared to the previous year's 76.2%, the percentage of financial literacy index in Indonesian society is still considered low because it is still below 50%. It is not only about financial literacy, but also issues related to family literacy, education ecosystem, and literacy in all aspects are still very low.
"Low financial literacy is not surprising. We see that even the literacy and numeracy skills of Indonesian children at all levels are still low. Also, the gap based on family background is still high. This is always marginalized, especially in the lower socio-economic class where literacy issues are always left behind," said Najelaa Shihab, Psychologist, Educator, and Founder of Cikal School."
Financial literacy is knowledge, skills, and beliefs that influence attitudes and behaviors to improve the quality of decision-making and financial management to achieve financial well-being.
According to the World Bank (2016), financial inclusion is defined as access to beneficial and affordable financial products and services in meeting the needs of both individuals and businesses, including transactions, payments, savings, credit, and insurance, which are used responsibly and sustainably.
Although the current financial literacy index of the community is quite low, access to financial services is actually increasing. This causes the gap between literacy and inclusion to be unlimited. The community also has unlimited access to financial services, but each individual's readiness to obtain optimal benefits is nonexistent. It's not just about financial literacy, but also digital literacy. The ability to optimize technology is not as high as expected.
However, improving literacy in finance or digital for the younger generation is very important, especially in maintaining their financial resilience. Moreover, currently Gen Z and millennials or individuals aged 19 to 34 contribute significantly to the high level of non-performing loans in online lending, reaching more than Rp700 billion. The number of young people trapped in online loans is triggered by several factors, namely online lending services that offer through personal communication, loans that are offered to appear fast and without conditions, and many online lending services that use names similar to legal lending services.
To avoid such situations, it is important to learn financial planning. Head of Deposit and Wealth Management UOB Indonesia, Vera Margaret, stated that in financial planning, people must pay attention to the portion of their consumption by managing their income and expenses. In this regard, Vera formulates the ideal proportion of expenses, which is around 70-85% of income used for needs such as housing, food, and even debts that are responsible to be paid.
"Just set aside 10-20% for savings, the most important thing is that we have an emergency fund so that if there is an urgent need, we don't have to borrow, because we have savings. Also, we don't need to compromise our desires, as it is important to motivate us to grow to the next level, but the allocation is only 5-10%. So, there is no desire for us to use loans, especially from illegal online lenders," said Vera."
"Educating about finances is important to be done regularly, and for Gen Z, they must continue to learn in order to avoid being 'trapped' in online loans. One of them is the event organized by OJK in collaboration with PT Bank UOB Indonesia, which held a talk show titled "Building a Healthy Financial Culture for the Young Generation" at Teras Ramayana, Hotel Indonesia Kempinski Jakarta on April 24, 2024. Report by Aykaputri Amalia Rahmani."
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