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What is Anhedonia? Here are the Types, Characteristics, Causes, and Treatment Methods.
Anhedonia characterizes the inability to enjoy activities that typically bring happiness to most people.
Anhedonia characterizes the inability to enjoy activities that typically bring happiness to most people.
Anhedonia reflects a condition where a person is unable to experience satisfaction or pleasure in activities that are typically enjoyed by others. This condition is often associated with feelings of emptiness, discomfort, and monotony. Although frequently identified as a major symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), anhedonia can also occur in various other mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, as well as in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease or experiencing chronic pain.
However, anhedonia tends to occur more frequently and feel stronger in individuals experiencing mood disorders. Below is an explanation of anhedonia as quoted from health.com on (04/04).
Anhedonia is the inability to enjoy the pleasure that is usually experienced by most people when engaging in activities that are normally enjoyed. Individuals who experience anhedonia often lose interest, feel disconnected from their social environment, and have little motivation to interact with the world around them.
There are two types of known anhedonia, namely social anhedonia and physical anhedonia. Both types have different effects on individuals who experience them.
Social anhedonia is when someone loses interest or motivation to interact with others. They do not feel joy or happiness when in social situations or engaged in activities with others. Social anhedonia is different from social anxiety disorder. However, in social anhedonia, a person does not feel satisfaction from the social interaction itself.
Anhedonia fisik mencerminkan ketidakmampuan seseorang untuk merasakan kesenangan atau kepuasan dari aktivitas fisik atau sensorik seperti makan, menyentuh, atau berhubungan seks. Orang yang mengalami anhedonia fisik mungkin tidak sadar terhadap perubahan dalam suhu, gerakan, aroma, atau suara di sekitar mereka.Physical anhedonia reflects a person's inability to experience pleasure or satisfaction from physical or sensory activities such as eating, touching, or engaging in sexual activities. Individuals experiencing physical anhedonia may be unaware of changes in temperature, movement, scent, or sound around them.
The main characteristic of anhedonia is a lack of joy and interest in activities that are usually enjoyable for others. Signs of anhedonia include:
Loss of interest in interacting with the environment: Individuals who suffer from anhedonia often lose the motivation to engage in activities that they typically find enjoyable or are of interest to others. Loss of interest in people, hobbies, or activities: Individuals experiencing anhedonia may lose interest in trying new things. As a result, they may prefer to be alone and their social relationships may be disrupted.
Expression of inappropriate emotions: Anhedonia can become a significant problem, causing some people to try to hide their true feelings by pretending to be happy. Difficulty in finding motivation: Although there is potential to obtain rewards from a task, individuals experiencing anhedonia may struggle to motivate themselves.
Anhedonia originates from abnormalities in the reward recognition process in the brain. This process has significant effects on an individual's drive, effort, motivation, and happiness. The recognition of rewards occurs through the reward pathway in the brain, which connects various structures that control a person's ability to experience pleasure.
The following is the translation of the 'Bahasa' text to 'English' while preserving any html tags: "The reward circuit is responsible for the release of dopamine, a key chemical involved in the experience of pleasure. Anhedonia is believed to have a significant genetic basis, and experts predict that this condition can be passed down from generation to generation. Anhedonia is often associated with underlying mental health disorders, although it can also be linked to neurological problems."
Treatment for Anhedonia aims to improve feelings of pleasure, happiness, and motivation. Treatment usually involves a combination of therapy and medication. Therefore, healthcare professionals continue to seek alternative options to address Anhedonia, including the following methods:
Ketamine is an anesthetic drug given through injection with a short-term effect that can reduce pain sensation. Studies have found that administering ketamine injections to individuals experiencing bipolar disorder and not responding to treatment quickly can reduce levels of Anhedonia.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy (TMS) is often used to treat depression as well as other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), PTSD, chronic pain, and substance abuse issues. This method has also been proven effective in significantly reducing symptoms of Anhedonia.
Positive Influence Therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on enhancing the response to rewards by involving various activities, such as sharing or engaging in enjoyable activities, which can stimulate the reward system in the brain.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been widely used in treating seizure disorders and treatment-resistant depression. Therefore, it is worth considering whether SSV is effective in overcoming anhedonia.
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